Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Peuchen EH[original query] |
---|
Chemical characterization of smokeless tobacco products from South Asia: Nicotine, unprotonated nicotine, tobacco-specific N-Nitrosamines, and flavor compounds
Stanfill SB , Croucher RE , Gupta PC , Lisko JG , Lawler TS , Kuklenyik P , Dahiya M , Duncan B , Kimbrell JB , Peuchen EH , Watson CH . Food Chem Toxicol 2018 118 626-634 Certain South Asian smokeless tobacco, including ready-to-use products, are not well characterized. | | • | In this study, we measured pH and concentrations of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and flavor compounds. | | • | Products had a wide range of moisture (4.0–46.6%), pH (pH 4.99–10.0), total nicotine (0.39–35.2 mg/g) and unprotonated nicotine (<0.01–11.9 mg/g). | | • | Two khaini products analyzed contained higher levels of N′-Nitrosonornicotine, a compound associated with oral cancer. | | • | Understanding the constituents in these products is necessary for characterizing potential harm as these products become more available worldwide. |
Comprehensive chemical characterization of rape tobacco products: nicotine, un-ionized nicotine, tobacco-specific n'-nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavor constituents
Stanfill SB , da Silva AL , Lisko JG , Lawler TS , Kuklenyik P , Tyx RE , Peuchen EH , Richter P , Watson CH . Food Chem Toxicol 2015 82 50-8 Rape, a diverse group of smokeless tobacco products indigenous to South America, is generally used as a nasal snuff and contains substantial amount of plant material with or without tobacco. Previously uncharacterized, rape contains addictive and harmful chemicals that may have public health implications for users. Here we report % moisture, pH and the levels of total nicotine, un-ionized nicotine, flavor-related compounds, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for manufactured and hand-made rape. Most rape products were mildly acidic (pH 5.17 - 6.23) with total nicotine ranging from 6.32 to 47.6 milligram per gram of sample (mg/g). Calculated un-ionized nicotine ranged from 0.03 to 18.5 mg/g with the highest values associated with hand-made rapes (pH 9.75 - 10.2), which contain alkaline ashes. In tobacco-containing rapes, minor alkaloid levels and Fourier transform infrared spectra were used to confirm the presence of Nicotiana rustica, a high nicotine tobacco species. There was a wide concentration range of TSNAs and PAHs among the rapes analyzed. Several TSNAs and PAHs identified in the products are known or probable carcinogens according to the International Agency for Research in Cancer. Milligram quantities of some non-tobacco constituents, such as camphor, coumarin, and eugenol, warrant additional evaluation. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure